Norway, under the Vikings, expanded considerably between the eighth to eleventh centuries. It entered into an alliance with Denmark which ultimately was broken during the war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. Norway took this opportunity to declare itself independent. Norway remained neutral in World War I; it wanted to remain so in World War II also, but was attacked by Germany. Norway is a member of NATO. It refused to join the EU in the referendum in 1972 and 1994.

Norwegian culture has a rich literary heritage dating back to the early ninth century. One of the most famous authors of all times, Henrik Ibsen, is from Norway. He wrote the well-known play, A Doll’s House, and was renowned for the tragedies he wrote. Due to its association with Denmark, Norwegian culture is heavily influenced by the Danish culture.

Sweden, Finland and Russia share boundaries with Norway. It is bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. The lowest point of Norway is the Norwegian Sea while the highest point is Galdhopiggen.