Arauca is a municipality and also a capital city of the Arauca Department of Columbia. The full name is Villa de Santa Barbara de Arauca. Arauca had a total population of 39,518 as of 1993 census.
Arauca was at first explored by the German conquistador, Jodge de la Espira, or popularly known by Georg von Speyer, in 1536. As the early Spanish were on their quest for El Dorado, they did not stay long in Arauca. Later, the municipality was founded by Jesuits and the land grantees. Thus, it was founded in the year 1780, by Juan Isidro Daboin on a site of indigenous hamlet of around ten families known as Guahibo.
Arauca was named after the Arauca River, which at present separates it from Venezuela, and which was also named for the indigenous people of Arauca. The area here is flat and is also subject to frequent floods from the river. At some point of time, Arauca was the capital of the New Granada Province of Casanare.
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